Reference stack
Add open-banking data and account verification
A data-focused open-banking stack for account aggregation, owner verification, enrichment, affordability and consent management, separate from payment initiation.
Intended audience and markets
Audience
Markets
Infrastructure layers
Account connectivity
RequiredConnect customer-permissioned bank accounts.
Selection criteria
- Bank coverage
- Consent and refresh model
- Reliability and fallback
Account-owner verification
RequiredMatch account-holder information and reduce payout or fraud risk.
Selection criteria
- Verification method
- Name matching
- Coverage by bank and country
Transaction enrichment
OptionalNormalise, categorise and interpret transaction data.
Selection criteria
- Category quality
- Merchant enrichment
- Explainability and correction
Income and affordability
OptionalDerive cash-flow or affordability indicators where permitted.
Selection criteria
- Permissible use
- Model governance
- Coverage and dispute handling
Fraud and consent controls
RequiredDetect manipulated data and retain consent evidence.
Selection criteria
- Consent audit trail
- Data integrity
- Account-takeover risk
Implementation sequence
- Account connectivity
- Account-owner verification
- Transaction enrichment
- Income and affordability
- Fraud and consent controls
Regulatory considerations
- Open-banking data use requires a lawful purpose, consent and market-specific permissions.
- Credit and affordability decisions may trigger additional consumer and fair-lending obligations.
Technical considerations
- Preserve raw data alongside normalised outputs for audit and correction.
- Handle revocation, stale connections and duplicate accounts explicitly.
Questions to ask providers
- Which legal entity contracts for each service and in which jurisdictions?
- Which responsibilities remain with the product operator rather than the provider?
- What are the implementation, approval, testing and migration timelines?
- How are incidents, exits, data portability and business continuity handled?
- How can a user correct categorisation or account-ownership errors?
What this stack does not cover
- This stack does not include payment initiation.
Related stacks
Reviewed on 2026-07-07.
Provider options are examples of infrastructure roles, not endorsements or a guarantee of suitability, availability or regulatory compliance. Confirm requirements for your product with each provider and qualified advisers.