Reference stack
Add lending infrastructure
A lending stack covering data, decisioning, origination, ledgering, servicing, collections, fraud and reporting.
Intended audience and markets
Audience
Markets
Infrastructure layers
Data and verification
RequiredCollect credit, income, bank and document data.
Selection criteria
- Data rights and permissible purpose
- Market coverage
- Freshness and dispute process
Decisioning and risk workflows
RequiredApply eligibility, pricing and credit policies.
Selection criteria
- Explainability and governance
- Strategy testing
- Manual-review workflow
Origination and onboarding
RequiredManage applications, KYC, document collection and offers.
Selection criteria
- Application workflow
- Identity and fraud integration
- Adverse-action support
Ledger and servicing
RequiredMaintain balances, schedules, payments and account history.
Selection criteria
- Product and schedule flexibility
- Accounting and reconciliation
- Servicing and hardship workflows
Fraud, monitoring and collections
RequiredDetect application fraud and manage delinquency and compliance.
Selection criteria
- Synthetic identity controls
- Portfolio monitoring
- Collections and complaints
Implementation sequence
- Data and verification
- Decisioning and risk workflows
- Origination and onboarding
- Ledger and servicing
- Fraud, monitoring and collections
Regulatory considerations
- Credit, consumer-protection, fair-lending and data-use rules are market-specific.
- Models and vendor decisions require governance, monitoring and human accountability.
Technical considerations
- Keep decision, offer, contract, ledger and servicing records linked but independently auditable.
- Plan model changes and data-provider outages.
Questions to ask providers
- Which legal entity contracts for each service and in which jurisdictions?
- Which responsibilities remain with the product operator rather than the provider?
- What are the implementation, approval, testing and migration timelines?
- How are incidents, exits, data portability and business continuity handled?
- How are adverse decisions explained and challenged?
What this stack does not cover
- Funding, capital markets and collections agencies are not fully covered.
Related stacks
Reviewed on 2026-07-07.
Provider options are examples of infrastructure roles, not endorsements or a guarantee of suitability, availability or regulatory compliance. Confirm requirements for your product with each provider and qualified advisers.